Flash floods are rapid and severe floods that occur in a short period of time, typically within six hours of heavy rainfall or the sudden melting of snow. They can be particularly dangerous as they often catch people off guard and can result in significant damage to property and loss of life. Flash floods are common in areas with steep terrain, urban areas with poor drainage systems, and areas prone to heavy rainfall or storms. Researchers study flash floods to better understand their causes, impacts, and ways to mitigate their effects through early warning systems and improved urban planning.